aporia

January 10th, 2010
In philosophy, an aporia is a philosophical puzzle or a seemingly insoluble impasse in an inquiry, often arising as a result of equally plausible yet inconsistent premises. It can also denote the state of being perplexed, or at a loss, at such a puzzle or impasse. The notion of an aporia is principally found in Greek philosophy,
Plato’s early dialogues are often called his ‘aporetic’ dialogues because they typically end in aporia. In such a dialogue, Socrates questions his interlocutor about the nature or definition of a concept, for example virtue or courage. Socrates then, through elenctic testing, shows his interlocutor that his answer is unsatisfactory. After a number of such failed attempts, the intelocutor admits he is in aporia about the examined concept, concluding that he does not know what it is. In Plato’s Meno (84a-c), Socrates describes the purgative effect of reducing someone to aporia: it shows someone who merely thought he knew something that he does not in fact know it and instills in him a desire to investigate it.
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The Open Secret

December 24th, 2009

“One of the things I came to see is that enlightenment only becomes available when it has been accepted that it cannot be achieved.

Doctrines, processes and progressive paths which seek enlightenment only exacerbate the problem they address by reinforcing the idea that the self can find something that it presumes it has lost. It is that very effort, that investment in self-identity that continuously recreates the illusion of separation from oneness. This is the veil that we believe exists. It is the dream of individuality.

It is like someone who imagines that they are in a deep hole in the earth, and in order to escape they dig deeper and deeper, throwing the earth behind them and covering up the light that is already there.

The only likely effect of extreme effort to become that which I already am, is that eventually I will drop to the ground exhausted and let go. In that letting go another possibility may arise. But the temptation to avoid freedom through the sanctification of struggle is very attractive. Struggle in time does not invite liberation.

Life is not a task. There is absolutely nothing to attain except the realisation that there is absolutely nothing to attain.

No amount of effort will ever persuade oneness to appear. All that is needed is a leap in perception, a different seeing, already inherent but unrecognised.”

the open secret

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Mara and Dann

November 19th, 2009

At home there was a game that all the parents played with their children. It was called, What Did You See? Mara was about Dann’s age when she was first called into her father’s room one evening, where he sat in his big carved and coloured chair. He said to her, “And now we are going to play a game. What was the thing you liked best today?”

At first she chattered: “I played with my cousin… I was out with Shera in the garden… I made a stone house.” And then he had said, “Tell me about the house.” And she said, “I made a house of the stones that come from the river bed.” And he said, “Now tell me about the stones.” And she said, “They were mostly smooth stones, but some were sharp and had different shapes.” “Tell me what the stones looked like, what colour they were, what did they feel like.”

And by the time the game ended she knew why some stones were smooth and some sharp and why they were different colours, some cracked, some so small they were almost sand. She knew how rivers rolled stones along and how some of them came from far away. She knew that the river had once been twice as wide as it was now. There seemed no end to what she knew, and yet her father had not told her much, but kept asking questions so she found the answers in herself. Like, “Why do you think some stones are smooth and round and some still sharp?” And she thought and replied, “Some have been in the water a long time, rubbing against other stones, and some have only just been broken off bigger stones.” Every evening, either her father or her mother called her in for What Did You See? She loved it. During the day, playing outside or with her toys, alone or with other children, she found herself thinking, Now notice what you are doing, so you can tell them tonight what you saw.

She had thought that the game did not change; but then one evening she was there when her little brother was first asked, What Did You See? and she knew just how much the game had changed for her. Because now it was not just What Did You See? but: What were you thinking? What made you think that? Are you sure that thought is true?

When she became seven, not long ago, and it was time for school, she was in a room with about twenty children - all from her family or from the Big Family - and the teacher, her mother’s sister, said, “And now the game: What Did You See?”

Most of the children had payed the game since they were tiny; but some had not, and they were pitied by the ones that had, for they did not notice much and were often silent when the others said, “I saw…”, whatever it was. Mara was at first upset that this game played with so many at once was simpler, more babyish, than when she was with her parents. It was like going right back to the earliest stages of the game: “What did you see?” “I saw a bird.” “What kind of bird?” “It was black and white and had a yellow beak.” “What shape of beak? Why do you think the beak is shaped like that?”

Then she saw what she was supposed to be understanding: Why did one child see this and the other that? Why did it sometimes need several children to see everything about a stone or a bird or a person?

Mara and Dunn

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“I have a spiritual core” - is it true?

November 18th, 2009

who would I be without the thought ‘I have a spiritual core’? who would I be if I couldn’t believe in this theory, that there is something hidden underneath many layers of conditioning and emotion, something constant and pure and unchanging?

I would not be so eager to find it. I would not punish myself for staying on the periphery of my humanity when experiencing strong emotions. I would not see anger and sadness in any way lower than serenity and joy. I would not think so much about my personal history and try to analyze it all the time. in the same token, I would not measure my “spiritual progression” and grade myself constantly on it. I would live life with no destination. events and people in my life would not be seen as tools for my own enlightenment. there would be no competition. they would be free to be what they are. I would be free to be what I am, whatever form this may take in the moment.

enlightened

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flow through me

October 30th, 2009

when I cried they would ask if I had wanted a new toy
when I was tired they would pour me a cup of coffee
when I smiled and laughed they would pat me on my back
when I was silent they’d pop a bottle open
when my fever ran there would always be medicine at hand
when it came down again, maybe a shopping trip
whenever I was bored they would switch the telly on
whenever I was angry - they’d ignore me
when I became depressed there’d be clowns balloons and trumpets
when I became ecstatic it would be met with cold reason
when things went rough they would try and hoist me onto crutches
when things went swimmingly they’d poke and spur me

now that I’ve grown closer
I guess I know a little better
I don’t see everything as in need of fixing

and I tremble at the love that must have driven them those ways
and I’d rather have life flow through me instead

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I Need Your Love - Is That True?

October 19th, 2009

“Full-time approval seeking means that instead of just living your life, you have to act it out. Waiting for a bus on a neighborhood street corner, you can’t just wait for the bus. Every once in a while you have to step off the sidewalk and peer into the distance, doing a performance of someone waiting for a bus. Otherwise, one of the bystanders might think you’re up to no good.”

i-need-your-love

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Demonization in personal relations

September 16th, 2009

“הראיה הדמונית בגרסתה הקיצונית היא תופעה שולית למדי בזרמים המרכזיים בדתות ובפסיכולוגיה. אולם בעת תהפוכות חברתיות ותרבותיות היא נוטה להתפשט במהירות אל עבר הקהל הרחב, תוך שהיא הופכת להיות פשטנית וקיצונית יותר ויותר. בתקופות כאלו עלולות חברות שלמות ללקות במגיפה של ‘דת עממית’ או, בעידן המודרני, של ‘פסיכולוגיה עממית’. בתקופות כאלו הופכות תופעות של דיבוק וגירוש שדים (בגרסאות דתיות או חילוניות) לעניין של יום-יום. בתולדות הדתות חלחלו לא פעם מגפות כאלו מן הקהל הרחב אל הממסד: הכנסיה הרשמית מאמצת לעיתים השקפות שהיו עד לא-מכבר נחלתן של קבוצות שוליים בלבד. תהליכים דומים מתרחשים גם בפסיכולוגיה: ההשקפות הפסיכו-דמוניות הפשטניות שנתאר להלן אינן מאפיינות את הזרמים המרכזיים בפסיכותרפיה, אבל בכיסוי תקשורתי מתאים בכוחן להתפשט בקרב הקהל הרחב ודרכו לשוב ולחלחל אל עולם הטיפול המקצועי. אין להבין את המגיפות של ‘אישיות מפוצלת’ ושל האמונה בכיתות שטן בשנות השמונית בלא להתבונן בהשפעה החוזרת מן הפסיכולוגיה העממית אל הפסיכולוגיה הממוסדת.

הראיה הדמונית מתבססת על האמונה שהסבל האנושי נובע מכוחות סמויים ואפלים, ושהדרך היחידה לפתור אותו היא במלחמת-חורמה. המשמעות הנודעת למיגורם של כוחות הרשע גדולה לאין שיעור מהתגברות מקומית על הסבל: המיגור מחזיר על כנו את התום האבוד של היחיד והחברה, ובכך מוליך לגאולה. הראיה הדמונית היא אפוא אמונה בתום מוחלט ובטוהר מוחלט. המאבק ברוע מכוון למעשה לכינונו של גן-העדן האבוד בשנית. בין הדוגמאות ההיסטוריות לפיצול כזה בין הטוב לבין הרע נמצא את המאבק הנצחי שבין האל לבין השטן בנצרות, מלחמת בני-אור בבני-חושך בכת מדבר-יהודה והקוטביות שבין הרוח והחומר בפילוסופיות הגנוסטיות והניאו-אפלטוניות. יש גם דוגמאות חילוניות מובהקות, כגון הפיצול הנאצי בין הגזע הטהור והגזעים שאינם טהורים, חלוקת-העולם המרקסיסטית בין מנצלים לבין מנוצלים, וראיית ‘ציר הרשע’ כתופעה עולמית שיש למגרה בכל מחיר. זמנים קשים הם הקרקע הפוריה ביותר להופעתה של הראיה הדמונית, שכן במצב של תמורות ואי-ודאות יש בכוחה להקנות בהירות וודאות.

הראיה הטרגית משקפת את ההבנה, שכל תקווה לגאולה שלמה היא מטבעה תקוות-שוא; שאי-אפשר להתכחש לעובדות-החיים של האבדן, הזיקנה, החולי והמוות ואי-אפשר למגר אותן; שהסבל הכרוך ביחסים שבין אדם לחברו נובע בדרך-כלל לא מקנוניה-של-רוע אלא מפעולת-גומלין של רצונות ומאוויים, שקרוב לוודאי שבמקורם היו חיוביים. מקור חשוב לראיה הטרגית הוא הבודהיזם, הגורס שהסבל נובע תכופות מעצם ניסיונותינו להגשים מטרות-חיים חיוביות, והדוחה כל ראיה מקוטבת של מושגים כ’טוב’ ו’רע’. לראיה הטרגית שורשים עמוקים גם בתרבות המערבית, למשל בטרגדיה היוונית והאליזבתנית, ובעבודתם של פילוסופים כאפיקורוס, אפקיטטוס, מרקוס אורליוס, מונטיין, שפינוזה, שופנהאואר וההוגה הצרפתי בן זמננן אנדרה קונט-ספונויל. ”

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cave in the snow

August 21st, 2009

‘Now I notice that there is an inner distance towards whatever occurs, whether what’s occurring is outwards or inwards. Sometimes, it feels like being in an empty house with all the doors and windows wide open and the wind just blowing through without anything obstructing it. Not always. Sometimes one gets caught up again, but now one knows that one is caught up again.’

While being like ‘an empty house’ may seen desirable to a meditator, to the average person, brought up on the notion that passion and emotional involvement is what gives life its colour and verve, such a state could seem vapid and remote. Was being an ‘empty house’ the same as being a ’shell’ of a person - cold and unfeeling? And what is the difference between detachment and being cut off from your emotions anyway? A study conducted at a London hospital among children who were left for weeks without visitors showed that it was at the point when they stopped crying and became in the eyes of the staff ‘good’, that the harm was done. Follow-up studies showed that those children had developed the potential for psychotic behaviour. The stage at which they stopped crying was when some vital feeling part of them had ‘died’. Was being detached being alienated?

Tenzin Palmo, as might be expected, refuted all such insinuations. ‘It’s not a cold emptiness,’ she stated emphatically, ‘it’s a warm spaciousness. It means that one is no longer involved in one’s ephemeral emotions. One sees how people cause so much of their own suffering just because they think that without having these strong emotions they’re not real people.

‘Why does one go into retreat?’ she went on hotly. ‘One goes into a retreat to understand who one really is and what the situation truly is. When one begins to understand oneself then one can truly understand others because we are all interrelated. It is very difficult to understand others while one is still caught up in the turmoil of one’s emotional involvement - because we’re always interpreting others from the standpoint of our own needs. That’s why, when you meet hermits who have really done a lot of retreat, say twenty-five years, they are not cold and distant. On the contrary. They are absolutely lovely people. you know that their love for you is totally without judgement because it doesn’t rely on who you are or what you are doing, or how you treat them. It’s totally impartial. It’s just love. It’s like the sun - it shines on everyone. Whatever you did they’d still love you because they understand your predicament and in that understanding naturally arises love and compassion. It’s not based on sentiment. It’s not based on emotion. Sentimental love is very unstable, because it’s based on feed-back and how good it makes you feel. That is not real love at all.’

cave in the snow

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self-inquiry: Israel is becoming a fascist state

July 26th, 2009

the following is a personal example of a process of self-inquiry using the four questions and turnarounds that make up The Work of Byron Katie. this method is used on thought patterns that I can identify as bringing some kind of stress into my life. the questions are simple, and the answers come from careful introspection and meditation rather than logic and judgment. the turnarounds are not a way of seeking to void my thinking, but rather to explore neglected aspects of reality that may relax my attachment to my own painful stories. as you read the questions, pause and slowly go in to see what is true for you. if you do not relate to this particular thought, see if you can think instead of a person in your life that you have found to be domineering or controlling.

for more information, visit www.thework.com

Israel is becoming a fascist state.

is it true?

yes! they are promoting horrible legislation like the biometric civil database right now. plus in many ways this already IS a fascist state, what with the occupation of the Palestinian territories and its racist agenda.

can you absolutely know that it’s true that Israel is becoming a fascist state?

yes. I’m pretty sure of it.

how do you react when you think the thought Israel is becoming a fascist state?

I get quite anxious.

I get very tense when I see police on the streets or when I read the news. I feel defiant and angry, and at the same time a part of me wants to go home and hide away.

when I go to demonstrations I notice how few people show up, same faces every time - and I use that as proof that this society is going to the dogs, that people don’t care about democracy anymore, if they ever did. I feel very desperate when I think that.

I feel my breath shortening and my limbs going limp. I start experiencing nighttime as frightening and suffocating. I get alarmed when anyone approaches me or walks behind me on the street.

I have pictures in my head from science fiction films like Children of Men and I try to figure out how I would handle a situation like that. I think about my activist friends and how powerless we all are to change anything. sometimes I avoid talking about social issues altogether because my own visions of a fascist future frighten me so much and get me really edgy and restless.

I get very impatient with my family for not taking interest in politics. I try to spend as little time as possible with them. I get really annoyed when I see my mom watching stupid television shows, and think that it’s people like her that allow our government to have its way. I see all Israelis as stupid, cynical and apathetic. I see social activists as native and ineffective. I feel lonely.

I make up an escape plan. if things get really rough, I tell myself, I’ll just fly away and seek asylum in Europe or become an academic. and then I’ll really be able to criticize my country because I won’t be under the government’s control anymore. I run different scenarios in my head and try to make sure I’m always ready to leave everything and go away. this is exhausting and means that I am never completely here.

I sometimes feel guilty for living here and paying taxes, especially while having the option of living in Europe. I think of other countries as a lot more civilized, healthy and democratic. I get myself going by thinking that I shouldn’t be dependent on this country anymore, I should not settle down here. I should not make new friends here.

I’m frightened. I feel like giving up on this country and its people. I feel victimized for having been born here. I get mad at myself for choosing to stay. I feel irritable, angry, stuck and confused.

can you see a reason to drop the thought?

well, yeah. it scares me.

can you find one good reason to hold on to this thought that is not stressful or frightening?

presumably if I hold on to this thought I would somehow be more prepared for fascism when it came, and I might be able to warn people better in the meanwhile.

and has that worked so far?

um, no. for one, I tend to be less active when I believe this story. I want to escape. and warning people, especially when I’m frightened and hostile myself, has not been proven to help.

so is there any other reason to keep this story that is not stressful?

no, there isn’t.

who would you be without this story that Israel is becoming a fascist state? who would you be if you couldn’t even think that thought?

much lighter. more active. more outspoken.

how would you treat other Israelis without the thought?

I would probably be more engaged with other Israelis, whether they’re friends of mine, activists, or just ordinary people. I would be more likely to see the good in people. I would feel safer to travel the country and meet people. I would not try to shelter myself at home and live through the internet only.

how would you treat yourself without the story?

I would not feel this burden of responsibility to save the whole country from fascism. I wouldn’t feel like I had to warn people whom I judged for not caring in the first place. I would not feel ashamed of my citizenship. I would not judge myself for choosing to stay here, and take responsibility for my life and for what I do. I would be more present. I would not feel tired and depressed after every demonstration, and I would cherish the amazing work that many people are doing here, including my friends.

turn the thought around:

>> Israel is not becoming a fascist state.

can you find at least three examples of how this statement might be true or truer than the original?

1. well, they haven’t passed the biometric database law YET. our information as citizens is still kept relatively private. and there are a few genuine human rights advocates as members of the Knesset who are working diligently at this time, not to mention the various NGOs.

2. there is a good degree of freedom of expression in this country. I get much information about what goes on in the occupied territories from some excellent bloggers, and have been participating in many inspiring public rallies on various issues in recent months.

3. in the long run, I can’t really know that that’s where things are going. the ongoing occupation and the pressures from this neo-liberal government might make it seem this way, but it is also possible that eventually a very powerful civil movement will rise up as a result. history says that things can change pretty fast.

other turnarounds?

>> I am becoming a fascist state.

1. well, yeah, especially when I think that Israel is! part of my reaction when I think that “Israel is becoming a fascist state” is to fence myself in and act out in suspicion and fear, seeing other citizens as my enemies. so that’s how I create my own fascist state of mind.

2. sometimes I can be pretty fascist in my own little world. when I look at my messy room or at my 2-do list I have the thought that I haven’t done enough and I really punish myself in very subtle ways, or I escape to drinking and television.

3. sometimes I get really angry at my parents or my friends for holding their views or for being ignorant, and I punish them too. I cut off my communications with them, or I kinda spy and monitor everything they say for traces of ignorance and prejudice. so I’m being a little fascist there myself.

>> the world is becoming a fascist state.

in a sense, the changes I see happening in Israel are part of global trends that can somehow be just more pronounced and obvious over here. racism, sexual prejudice, social gaps, civic surveillance, patriarchy, militarization, privatization and occupation are all things that do happen all over the world on one level or another. no economy or social movement today is really separate from any other. and in that, we’re all in the same boat. Israel is not so special. so escaping to another country may not make a whole lot of sense, especially when there is so much important work to do here and amazing people that are doing it and who can join together, without the burden of having to know where things are going in the future. and in that perspective my own presence here and the work I do feels a lot better and easier to accept, and even enjoy, for as long as I am here.

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cocooning

July 22nd, 2009

in a time of great strife and struggle.
if you can just
lean against the oak
feel how solid.
drink the water
walk the room
turn around
touch the wall
touch the skin
breathe the air between wall and skin
notice the space between the thoughts
notice too the urge to fill it.
(sometimes it’s a full time job)

feel it
and if tears come
cry
sit
lie down
stand up again
look outside the window
nothing begs for your collecting
nothing ever did

drink the water
touch the wood
see the paper
without reading
let the phone ring
for that is music too

if you are in a time
of great strife and struggle
take a moment
take a year
taste the humility
of cocooning
without the knowing of butterflies

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